Examining the authenticity of the Prophetic Narration "The superiority of the Prophet Khatam and His Family over the Prophets"

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 PhD student in Quranic and Hadith Sciences, Farabi Faculty of Theology, University of Tehran, Qom, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Quran and Hadith, Farabi Faculty of Theology, University of Tehran, Qom, Iran.

Abstract

The superiority of the Holy Prophet over the former prophets is one of the consensual beliefs of Muslims. According to several texts, the Imāmīs also believe in the superiority of the Ahl al-Bayt over other prophets. To explain the superiority of the Prophet and his family, some late Imāmī sources have cited a prophetic narration in Al-Amaali of Ibn Babiwayh, which informs of the conversation between the Messenger of God and a Jew about the superiority of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and Prophet Moses (AS). The present writing assesses the possibility of this narration being issued by the Holy Prophet by using textual criticism methods. The originality of the structure of the narration is based on the parallelization of the resolvable parts of the narration in the available Islamic herritage older than Al-Amali; and the resultant is the possibility of the two last parts of the narration being borrowed from former sources based on the similarity of lexical, semantic, and declarative technique. The originality of the content is investigated according to the frequency of the central concepts of the narration in the collection of narrations attributed to Prophet Mohammad (PBUH); and the result is the strengthening of the attribution of the content of the final part of the narration to the Holy Prophet. Therefore, the narration being issued in the current format as well as the attribution of some of the themes in the text to the Holy Prophet is questionable. However, the present article does not rule out the possibility of the presentation of these themes and the teachings based on them by other infallible Imams and Criticism of the mentioned narration does not mean denying the doctrine of the superiority of holy prophet and his progeny.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

The Holy Quran.
‘Ayāshī, Muhammad ibn Masʿud (1960), Kitab al-Tafsir, Researcher: Siyyid Hashim Rasouli, Tehran: Maktabah al -`Ilmiyya al-Islamiyya.
'Abu Dāwūd, Sulayman ibn Ash'ath (1999), Al-Sunan, researcher: Seyed-Mohammad Seyed, Cairo: Dar al-Hadith.
'Abu Dāwūd, Sulayman ibn Ash'ath,,(1988), al-amarasil, researcher: Shu‘ayb Arnut, Beirut: Al- Risalah Institute
Abu Taleb Makki, (1996), Qout al-Quloub fi Mu'amalat al-Mahboub, ed. Basel 'Uyoun al-Soud, Beirut, Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyyah
Abu Ya'lā Ahmad ibn Ali ,(1992), Musnad, Research: Hussein Salim Asad. Damascus: Dar Al-Ma'moun
al-Ahsá'í, Ahmad bin Zayn al-Dín,(2003), Sharh al-Ziyara al-Jami'a al-Kabira, Beirut, dar al-mufid
alam al-huda ,murtada,(1990), al-shafi'i fi al-amma'a, Research:  hosseini, abdolzahra, Tehran, Al-sadiq Institute
alavi gorgani, muhammad ali, (2010), lal al-asul, Qom, Dar Al-Tafsir
Al-Dārimī, Abū Muḥammad ʿA. b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān (1987). Sonan al-Dārimī, Researcher: fawaz ahmad zamerli , Beirut:Dār al-kitab al- Arabia
al-eribli, 'ali b.'isa, (1962), kashf al-ghoma'i fi  Ma'refat al-A’imma, Researcher: Hashim Rasouli, tabriz , bani hashimi
al-fattal neyshaburi, muhammad b. 'ahmad, (1997), rawda al-wa'izan wa basirat al-muta'iyin, Qom, al-sharif al-razi
al-husayn, jassim (1999),The political history of the absence of the twelfth Imam, tr: ayatollahi, mohammad taghi, Tehran, Amir Kabir
Al-Imam Al-Hadi Institute,(2012),Do'a al-nodbe wa Tothiqeh min Al- kitab wa Al- sonnah, Qom, payam-e imam Hadi
al-Nujafi al-Razi, Abolhassan, (2003), majama'al-nourain wa moltaqi al-bahrin, Researcher: Hussein Ja'fari al-Zanjani, Qom: Al-Aba
Al-Ṣanʿānī, ʿAbd al-Razzāq (1983). Al-Muṣannaf, ed. H.R. al-Aʿẓamī, Beirut, al-maktab al-islami
Al-Ṣanʿānī, ʿAbd al-Razzāq,(1990), Tafsīr al-Qurʼan, Riyadh: Maktabah al-Rushd
Andreas Goerke, Eschatology, History, and the Common Link: A Study in Methodology, tr:saeed,shafiei in co-authors,(2019), New Approaches to the Shi'ite Hadith Studies,Tehran, , imam sadiq university
Ansari, Hasan (2018), Historical researches about Shiism, Terhran: Hikmat.
ʿAshur, ʿAli (2006), Musuʿa Ahl al-bayt, Beirut: Dar Nazir ʿAbud.
Azdi, Maʿmar ibn Rāshid, (1983), al-Jāmi', Researcher: Habib al-Rahman al-'Azmi Beirut, al-maktab al-islami
Baḥrānī, Siyyed Hashim (2001),Ghāyat al-marām wa-ḥujjat al-khiṣām fī taʻyīn al-Imām min ṭarīq al-khāṣṣ wa-al-ʻāmm, Researcher: ‘Ali-ʻAshur, Beirut: al-Tarikh al-Arabi.
Baḥrānī, Siyyid Hashim (1996), Al-Burhan fi Tafsir al-Quran, Qom: Beʿthat Institute.
Barqī, Ahmad ibn Muhammad (1993), Al-Mahasin, Researcher: Jalal al-Din Muhaddith, Qom: Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyya.
Burūjirdī, Aqa Husain,(1988), Jami` Ahadith al-Shi`ah, Qom, Mehr
Burūjirdī, Hossain ,(1995),Sirat al-Mustaqim fi Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Karim, ed Molana Burūjirdī, Gholamreza, Qom, Ansarian
Dār Qutnī , ali ibn 'umar,(1985) ,Alillal Al-wareda fi Al-Ahadith Al- Nabaviah, Research: mahfouz al-rahman al-salafi, Riyadh, dar taybeh
Esmaeili Yazdi Abbas (2007), Yanabiʿa al-Hikmah, Qom: Jamkaran Holy Mosque.
Estarabadi, ‘Ali (1989), Ta'wil al-Ayat al-Zahirah fi Fadail al-Itrah al-Tahirah, Editor: Ostadvali, Hussiyn, Qom: Islamic Publications Institute.
Estarabadi, Yusuf ibn Muhammad (2012), Fuhat al-Quds, Qom: Habib.
Fakhr Razi, Muhammad ibn 'Umar (1999), Al-Tafsir al-kabir (Mafatih al-Ghayb), Beirut: Dar al-Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi.           
falsafi, yahya,(2010), qodwa al-tafasir fi al-ma'asur 'an khatam al-anbia' wa al-mursalin, Beirut, Al-Belaq institute
Farahani, Alireza, (2006), al-ad'iyya al-ma'uthora al-mushtarakah, Tehran, al-majama' al-'alamy li altaqrib bain al-mudahib al-islamiyya
Fayḍ Kāshānī, Muhammad ibn Shah Murtiza (1995), Tafsīr al-ṣāfī. Edited by  Hossein. A‘lamī, Tehran, Maktabat al- Ṣadr
Garnezadeh, Fazel, Ghayyoomzadeh, Mahmood,(2016), " A Comparative Survey on the Position of the Prophets and Imāms from the Viewpoint of the Imāmis, Zaydis and Ismāilies", Shi`a Pajoohi, No4
Gerami, muhammad hadi ,(2018),an introduction to conceptual & Intellectual History, Tehran, imam sadiq university
ghandehari ,mohammad, (2020),Recognition of the historical identity of Solim bin Qeys Hilali, Phd dissertation, Tehran University
hemmatian ,ali Asghar, (2012),Sharh-e firaq , Qom ,mahdaviat center
Hilālī, Solīm ibn Qeys. (1985), Kitāb Solīm b. Qeys., Edited by M. Anṣārī Zanjānī Khū’īnī, Qom, Al-Hādī Publications
hosini razavi, wali b. na'imat allah, (2002), Minhaj Al-Haq wa Al- yaqin, Researcher: GHofrani, Qom: Dar al- Hadīth
hosseini eshkevari, ali ,(2007), durar Al-Taj wa Al-Taj, Tehran, al-majama' al-'alamy li altaqrib bain al-mudahib al-islamiyya
Ḥurr ‘Āmilī, Mohammad Ibn Hasan,(1989), Wasā’il al-Shī‘a , Qom: Al al-bayt Li Iḥyāʼ Al-Turāth
Ḥuwayzī, Abd Ali ibn Jumʿa (1995), Tafsīr nūr al-thaqalayn, editor: Hashim Rasuli, Qom: Islmā‘iliyān Publication
Ibn ‘Abdulbirr Yusuf (1992), ʼAlʼistīʽāb fī Maʽrifat-i al-ʼAṣḥāb, Research: Ali Muhammad al-Bajāwī. Beirut: Dar al-Jail
Ibn Abi Asim, ʿAmr (1980), Al-Sunnah, Researcher: Muhammad Nasir al-Ddin al-Albani, Beirut: Dar al-Nashr al-Maktab al-Islami.
Ibn Abi Ḥātim, Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad (1985), ʿAilal al-Hadith, Researcher: Mohib al-Ddin al-khatib, Beirut: Dar al-Maʿarifah.
Ibn Abī Shaybah, Abū Bakr ʿAbd Allah b. Muḥammad (1989), Al-Kitāb al-Muṣannaf fī al-Aḥādīth wal-Āthār, ed. Kamal Yūsof al-ḥūt, Riyadh: Maktabah al-Rushd.
Ibn al-Ghazairi, Ahmad ibn Hossein (2001), al-Rijal, Researcher: Muhammad Reza Hussiyni Jalali, Qom: Dar al-Hadith.
Ibn Babwiyyah, Muhammad ibn Ali, (1959) Uyun Akhbar al-Riza ,Researcher: Mahdi Lajiwardi, Tehran: Jahan Nashr.
Ibn Babwiyyah, Muhammad ibn Ali, (1975), Kamal al-Din wa Tamam al-Ni‘amah, Editor: Ghaffari, Ali Akbar, Tehran: Islamiyya.
Ibn Babwiyyah, Muhammad ibn Ali, (1983), Ma‘ani al-Akhbar, Editor: Ghaffari, Ali Akbar, Qom: Islamic Publications Office Affiliated to Jami‘ah Mudarrisin.
Ibn Babwiyyah, Muhammad ibn Ali, (1994), Al-ʼaiʿatighadt, Qom: al-Muʿtamar al‘alami li Alfiah al-Shaykh al-mofid.
Ibn Babwiyyah, Muhammad ibn Ali, (2003), Kitab al-Nabuwah, Tehran: Islamiyya.
Ibn Babwiyyah, Muhammad ibn Ali, (2014), Al-Amali, Tehran: Al-Be‘that Institute.
Ibn Dawoud Tialesi, Suliyman,(n.d), Musnad-e abi Dawoud al-Tialesi, Beirut: Dar al-Ma‘arifah. Ibn Hammad, No‘eimm (1992),  al-Fitan, Researcher: Samir Amin al-Zahiri, Cairo: Maktabah al-Tohid.
Ibn Hanbal, Ahmad ibn Muhammad, (1995), Musnad-e al-Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Researcher: Shu‘ayb Arnut and others, Beirut: Al- Risalah Institute.
Ibn Mājah Mohammad, (1997), Al-Sunan, Research: Bashshar Awwad Marouf, Beirut: Dar al-Jail
Ibn Munabba Hamam, (1987), Al-Ṣaḥīfah, researcher: abdul hamid, ali hassan ali, Beirut: al-maktab al-islami dar ammar
Ibn Qan` Baghdadi, `Abd al-Baqi, (1997), Mu`jam al-Sahabah, Medina. Guraba library.
Ibn Salām, Abu ʿUbayd al-Qāsim (1964), Qarib al-Hadith, Researcher: Muhammad Abd al- Ma‘aid Khan, Heidar Abad: Majles Dairah al-Ma‘aref al- Usmanieh.
Ibn Shāhīn, Abū Ḥafṣ ʿUmar b. Aḥmad (1984), Taʿrīkh Asmāʾ al-Sighat, Rsearcher: Sobhi al-Samiraie, Tunisia: Dar al-Salafiah
Ibn Shazan, Fadl (1985), Al-Iizah, Researcher: Jalal al-Ddin Armavi, Tehran: University of Tehran Press.
Ibn 'Uqdah, Ahmad ibn Muhammad (2003), Fadā'il Amir AlMu'minīn, Qom: Dalil-e Mā.
ibn zurays, Mohammad Ibn Ayyub,(1988), Faḍāʾil al-Qurʾān, Damascus ,dar al-fikr
Jaṣṣāṣ, ahmed bin ali al-razi, (1985), al-fasul fi al-usul's  
Karaki, Hossein,(2000), Daf' Al-monawat , Researcher: rajai, mahdi, Qom, Amin library
karbala'i, jawad b. abbas ,(n.d),al-anwar al-satat fi ziyyat al-zayyarat al-jama'a, Qom: Dar al- Hadīth
kashif al-ghita'a, ja'far, (n.d), kashf al-ghita'a an al-shariyat al-ghara, Isfahan, Mahdavi
khajuei ,muhammad isma'il,(2005), al-rasa'il al-'ataqadiyya, Researcher: rajai, seyed mehdi, Qom, institute of Ashura
Khatib Baghdadi, Ahmad ibn Ali (1996), Tarikh-e Baghdad, Editor: ʼAta, Mustafa ʼAbd al-Qadir, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya.
Khatib Baghdadi, Ahmad ibn Ali,(1987),Mowazah Al-uham Al- jama Wa al-Tafriq ,Beirut: Dar al Ma’rifat
Koufi, Furat b. Ibrahim,( 1989), Tafsir Furat al-Koufi,ed Kazem, Mohammad, Tehran, Publications of Islamic Guidance Ministry
Kulayni, Mohammad b. Ya`qoub, (2008), al-Kafi, Qom, Dar al-Hadith
Lavasani, Seyed Mohammad Reza, (2021), "Compilation of Moral Narrations in Hadith O' Abazar", Historical Approaches to Quran and Hadith Studies, No67
Madadi, seyed ahmad, (2015), Glimpse of  the sea, Qom, shiite bibliography 
Majlisi,Mohammad Taqi,(2005), description of the khotbat Al-Bayan ,in the heritage of isfahan seminary, Qom, alzahra institute
Majlisi, Mohammad Baqer,( 1982), Biḥār al-anwār  al-jāmi‘a li-durar akhbār al-A’imma al-Aṭhār ,ed a group of writers, Beirut,Dar Ihya' al-Turath al-Arabi
Majlisi, Mohammad Baqer,(2004), 'Ayn al-Ḥayāt, Qom, anwar al-hoda
Maqdesī, Youssef ibn Yahyā',(1979), 'Uqad Al-Dorar fi akhbar al-montazer, Research: 'abd al-fattah muhammad al-holv ,cairo, alam al-fikr library
Ma'refat, Muhammad Hādī,(2009), al-tafsir al-asari al-jama'a ,Qom: al-Tamhid
Mohammad Hassan Mohammadi Mozaffar,"Typology of the thought of the promised savior in the Qur'an and the prophetic tradition" In co-authors, (2011), typology of promised savior thought in religions ed: Ali Movahedian Attar, Qom, Adyan publication
Mohammadi Ray shahri ,Mohammad,(1924) , mosua' maaref al-kitab wa al-sunna, Beirut, Dar al-Hadith
Mohammadi Ray shahri ,Mohammad,(2008),Wise words of Holy Profhet, Qom, Dar al-Hadith
Mufīd, Mohammad, (1993),Awael al-maqqalat fi al-madahib wa al-mukhtarat. Edited by Shaykh Mufīd Congress, Qom, Al-Mu’tamar al-‘Ālamī li-Alfiya al-Shaykh al-Mufīd
Muslim b. Hajaj , (1992), Al-Jame' al-Ṣaḥīḥ, ed. M. F. ʿAbd al-Bāqī, cairo: Dār Alḥādith
Nahavandi, Muhammad (2008), Nafhat Al-Rahman fi tafsir Qur'an, Qom: Al-Ba'ath Institute
naqvi qaeni , muhammad taqi, (2000), the description of  al-Ziyara al-Jami'a al-Kabira, Tehran, Al-sadiq Institute
nasrawi, muhammad, gerami, muhammad hadi,"application of historical discourse Investigation in the history of thought studies: the discourse of mohammad (pbuh) after the event of ashura as an example",The International Congress on Islamic Humanities,No1
No’māni, Mohammad Ebrāhim, (1977), al-Ghaybah, Ghaffāri, Tehran: Sadooq publication
Pākatchī, Ahmad,(2013), textual criticism, Tehran, imam sadiq university
Qumī Mashhadī, Mohammad, (1990), Tafsīr kanz al-daqā’iq wa baḥr al-gharā’ib, Tehran, Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance Press
Qumī, Ali ibn Ibrahim. (1983), Tafsīr al-Qumī. Edited by Ṭayyib Mūsawī, Qom, Mu’assisa Dār al-Kitāb
Rād, Ali, (2015),"The hadith "La Tofazeluni ‘ala mousa"; Approaches and criterion theory", ulum-i Hadīth, No 72
Rād, Ali, (2016), "The narrations of the difference between Younes and Yahya; Conflict and solutions", ulum-i Hadīth, No 76
Rād, Ali, (2019), "The Qur'an and the Doctrine of superiority of the Prophets; Method, Background and Nature", Qoranshenakht, No 21
Rād, Ali, Ataei Nazari, Parisa,(2020), "Evaluation of the Narration “Adam’s Repentance by Invocation to the Five People” and its Relation with Zaidi Thought", studies  on Understanding Hadith, No 13
Rād, Ali,(2017), Ghurar-e Qur’ān, From Theory to Interpretation. Qom: Dar al- Hadīth
Rād, Ali, Vellayati, Maryam, (2017),"Discourse Investigation of Shi’a Exegesis at Kufa;‎ Asbagh & "Imamat -e- Vesayati" Discourse", Quran and Hadith Studies, No 19
Royani ,mohammad b. harun,(1995), Musnad-e Royani, Cairo, Córdoba Institute
sabzevari, Hadi, (1998), the treatise of hakim sabzevari, Research: ashtiyani, jalal al-din, Tehran, osveh
sadeghi , Mostafa,(2004), "Al-Fitan,The oldest book in Mahdiism",Ayeneh-ye-pazhoohesh, No 84
sadeghi tehrani, mohammad, (2015), al-tafsir al-mouadou'i al-furqan, Qom, Shokraneh
Sadeghi, Behnam, (2010), "The Travelling Tradition Test: A Method for Dating Traditions", Der Islam,  No 85
ṣāfī, lotfollah,(2002),Montakhab al-athara fi  al-Imam al-thani 'ashr , Qom, ṣāfī library
Sanad, mohammad, (2005), Al-Tavassol, Beirut, Saeed bin jubeir library
Sanad, mohammad, (2008), d'awa al-siffarah fi al-ghaybat al-kubra, Qom, al-Itrah
sha'iri, mohammad b. mohammad ,(n.d), jami'i al-akhbar,Najaf, Al-Haydariyah publication
shubbar, 'abd allah ,(1987), al-jawhar al-thamin fi tafsir al-Qur'an al-mubin, Kuwait, Al-Alfain library
Shūshtarī, Mohammad Taqi, (n.d), Al-Akhbār al-Dakhīla, Tehran. Sadūq Library
Subhani, Jaʼafar (2007), Al-Iman wal-Kufr fi Al-kitab wal-Sunna, Qom: Imam Sadigh (PBUH) Institute.
Ṭabarānī , Suleiman ibn Ahmad, (1996), Musnad al-Shāmayn. Research: Ḥamdī  Abdel Majid al-Sulfā. Beirut: Al-Risalah Institute;
Ţabaranī, Suleiman ibn Ahmad, (1984), Al-Mu'jam al-Kabīr, Research: Hamdī Abdel Majid Al-Salafi, Mosul,Al- zahra Library
Ṭabarī, Muhammad ibn al-Jarīr (1992), Jāmi‘ al-Bayān fī tafsīr al-Qur’ān, Beirut: Dār al-Ma‘rifa
Tabassi, mohammad reza, (2007),al-shi'a wa al-raja'a , Najaf , al-adab
Tabatabaii, Mohammad Hussain,(1970), Al-Mīzān fī Tafsīr al-Qurʼan, Beirut: Mu’assisa al - A‘lamī lil-Maṭbū‘āt
Ṭabrisī,  Ahmad b.Ali, (1983), Al-Iḥtijāj ‘alā ahl al-lijāj, Edited by M. B. Khirsān, Mashhad, Murtaḍā Publications
tajlil tabrizi , Abu Taleb,(2011), mu'ajim al-muhassan and al-masawi, Qom, al-nashra al-islami institute
the commentary ascribed to Imam Al-Hassan Ibn Ali Al-Askari (AS),(1989),Qom: Imam Al-Mahdi (AS) School
Ṭūsī Muhammad b. Hasan,(1970), Al-'Istibṣār fi mā ‘Ukhtulifa min al-Akhbār, Research: Hasan Khirsān, Tehran:Dar al-Kutub alIslamiyah
Ṭūsī Muhammad b. Hasan,(1999), Fihrist Kutub al-Shī'ah wa 'Uṣūlihim wa 'Asmā’ al-Muṣannifīn wa 'Aṣḥ āb al-'Uṣūl. Research Tabataba'ei, Abdul-'Aziz, Qom: Library of al-Muḥaqqiq al-Ṭ abāṭ abā’ī
tuyserkany, mohammad nabi,(1993),lal'i al-akhbar, Qom, al-alamah
ʿUqeili, Muhammad ibn ʿAmr, (1997) ,Ḍuʿafāʾ al-kabir, Beirut, Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyyah
zubaydi, majed Nasser, (2007), al-taissir fi al-tafsir li lqoran bi rivayat ahl al-bayt, Beirut, dar al-mahjah al-bayda.‎

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics