Analyzing the Hadith of Bakr ibn Abdullah ibn Habib

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Assistant Professor in Quran and Hadith Studies, University of Tehran, Farabi College, Qum, Iran.

2 Ph.D student of Quran and Hadith Studies, University of Tehran, Farabi College, Qum, Iran

10.30497/qhs.2024.245688.3893

Abstract

Abū Muḥammad Bakr b. ‘Abdullāh b. Ḥabīb Al-Muzanī Al-Rāzī is one of the frequently mentioned transmitters in the books of Shaykh Ṣadūq Ibn Bābawayh. Despite the importance and effectiveness of his narrations, there is little information about him in rijāl books. In this article, we rely on the information that exists in his narrations to investigate his personal life, his denomination, narrators who have narrated from him, and his masters. Moreover, problems in his narrations such as shaky chains of transmission and their inconsistency with texts, content problems such as contradiction to valid texts, historical problems, parallel ascription, etc. are examined, and significant evidences are obtained against him, including document forging, Ḥadīth fabrication, change of original functions of narrations, etc. Tracking the dates of narrations, examining the chain of transmission patterns, and other evidences related to narration texts and chains of transmission augment the doubt that Bakr b. ‘Abdullāh b. Ḥabīb has had a big role in the final processing of some of these narrations.

Keywords

Main Subjects


The Holy Qur'an.
Abū Ḥafṣ al-Dimashqī, ʿUmar ibn ʿAlī (1419 AH). Al-Lubāb fī ʿUlūm al-Kitāb. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya.
Abū Nuʿaym al-Iṣfahānī, Aḥmad (1394 AH). Ḥilyat al-Awliyāʾ wa-Ṭabaqāt al-Aṣfiyāʾ. Egypt: Al-Saʿāda.
Ājurī, Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn (1420 AH). Al-Sharīʿa. Riyadh: Dār al-Waṭan.
Akhbār al-Dawla al-ʿAbbāsiyya (Anonymous author). Ed. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Dūrī and ʿAbd al-Jabbār al-Muṭṭalibī. Beirut: Dār al-Ṭalīʿa.
ʿAlawī, Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn (1428 AH). Al-Manāqib. Qom: Dalīl Mā.
ʿAlī ibn Bābawayh (1404 AH). Al-Imāma wa-l-Tabṣira. Qom: Madrasat al-Imām al-Mahdī.
Astarābādī, ʿAlī (1409 AH). Taʾwīl al-Āyāt. Qom: Muʾassasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī.
Attributed to Mufīd, Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Nuʿmān (1413 AH). Al-Ikhtiṣāṣ. Qom: Kungrah-yi Shaykh Mufīd.
Barqī, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Khālid (1371 AH). Al-Maḥāsin. Qom: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya.
Bayāt Mukhtārī, Mahdī (1389 Sh). "Laghzish-i Kitāb-i Maʿrifat al-Ḥadīth dar Bāb-i Riwāyāt-i Faḍl ibn Shādhān az Imām Riḍā." Taḥqīqāt-i ʿUlūm-i Qurʾān va Ḥadīth 7, no. 2: 65-93.
Bayhaqī, Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥusayn (n.d.). Al-Sunan al-Kubrā. Al-ʿIlmiyya.
Bayhaqī, Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥusayn (1412 AH). Maʿrifat al-Sunan wa-l-Āthār. Karachi: Jāmiʿat al-Dirāsāt al-Islāmiyya.
Bazzār, Aḥmad ibn ʿAmr (1425 AH). Al-Baḥr al-Zakhkhār (Al-Musnad). Medina: Maktabat al-ʿUlūm wa-l-Ḥikam.
Buḥayrī, Saʿīd ibn Muḥammad (2004). Al-Thālith min Fawāʾid Abī ʿUthmān al-Buḥayrī. Barnāmaj Jawāmiʿ al-Kalim.
Dhahabī, Shams al-Dīn (1382 AH). Mīzān al-Iʿtidāl fī Naqd al-Rijāl. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa.
Dhahabī, Shams al-Dīn (1405 AH). Siyar Aʿlām al-Nubalāʾ. Muʾassasat al-Risāla.
Fasawī, Yaʿqūb ibn Sufyān (1393 AH). Al-Maʿrifa wa-l-Tārīkh. Baghdad: Al-Irshād.
Fawzān, Ṣāliḥ ibn Fawzān (n.d.). Al-Taʿlīqāt al-Mukhtaṣara ʿalā Matn al-ʿAqīda al-Ṭaḥāwiyya. Dār al-ʿĀṣima.
Ḥaddūshī, ʿUmar ibn Masʿūd (2011). Dalīl al-Falāḥ fī Maʿrifat Baʿḍ Alfāẓ al-Muṣṭalaḥ. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya.
Ḥamawī, Yāqūt (1995). Muʿjam al-Buldān. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir.
Harawī, Abū Ismāʿīl (1416 AH). Dhamm al-Kalām wa-Ahlihi. Medina: Maktabat al-ʿUlūm wa-l-Ḥikam.
Hārūnī, Abū Ṭālib Yaḥyā ibn al-Ḥusayn (1422 AH). Taysīr al-Maṭālib fī Amālī Abī Ṭālib. Ed. Jaʿfar ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Salām. Muʾassasat al-Imām Zayd ibn ʿAlī al-Thaqāfiyya.
Ḥimyarī, ʿAbd Allāh ibn Jaʿfar (1413 AH). Qurb al-Isnād. Qom: Āl al-Bayt.
Ibn Abī al-Ḥadīd, ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd (1404 AH). Sharḥ Nahj al-Balāgha. Qom: Marʿashī.
Ibn Abī Shayba, ʿAbd Allāh (1409 AH). Al-Muṣannaf. Lebanon: Dār al-Tāj.
Ibn ʿAdīm, ʿUmar (n.d.). Bughyat al-Ṭalab fī Tārīkh Ḥalab. Ed. Suhayl Zakkār. Dār al-Fikr.
Ibn al-Jaʿd, ʿAlī (1410 AH). Musnad Ibn al-Jaʿd. Beirut: Nādir.
Ibn al-Jawzī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad (1401 AH). Al-ʿIlal al-Mutanāhiya fī al-Aḥādīth al-Wāhiya. Faisalabad, Pakistan: Idārat al-ʿUlūm al-Athariyya.
Ibn al-Jawzī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad (1386 AH). Al-Mawḍūʿāt. Medina: Al-Maktaba al-Salafiyya.
Ibn al-Jawzī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad (1412 AH). Al-Muntaẓam fī Tārīkh al-Umam wa-l-Mulūk. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya.
Ibn al-Jawzī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad (1409 AH). Manāqib al-Imām Aḥmad. Dār Hajar.
Ibn al-Wazīr, Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm (1415 AH). Al-ʿAwāṣim wa-l-Qawāṣim fī al-Dhabb ʿan Sunnat Abī al-Qāsim. Beirut: Al-Risāla.
Ibn ʿAsākir, ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥasan (1415 AH). Tārīkh Dimashq. Ed. ʿAmr al-ʿAmrawī. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr.
Ibn ʿĀshūr, Muḥammad (1984). Al-Taḥrīr wa-l-Tanwīr. Tunis: Al-Dār al-Tūnisiyya.
Ibn Bābawayh, Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī (1376 Sh). Al-Amālī. Tehran: Kitābchī.
Ibn Bābawayh, Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī (1362 Sh). Al-Khiṣāl. Qom: Jāmiʿat al-Mudarrisīn.
Ibn Bābawayh, Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī (1398 AH). Al-Tawḥīd. Ed. Hāshim Ḥusaynī. Qom: Jāmiʿat al-Mudarrisīn.
Ibn Bābawayh, Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī (1396 AH). Faḍāʾil al-Ashhur al-Thalātha. Qom: Dāwarī.
Ibn Bābawayh, Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī (1385 Sh). ʿIlal al-Sharāʾiʿ. Qom: Dāwarī.
Ibn Bābawayh, Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī (1395 AH). Kamāl al-Dīn wa Tamām al-Niʿma. Ed. ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī. Tehran: Nashr-i Islāmiyya.
Ibn Bābawayh, Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī (1403 AH). Maʿānī al-Akhbār. Qom: Jāmiʿat al-Mudarrisīn.
Ibn Bābawayh, Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī (1378 AH). ʿUyūn Akhbār al-Riḍā. Tehran: Jahān.
Ibn Biṭrīq, Yaḥyā ibn Ḥasan (1407 AH). ʿUmdat ʿUyūn Ṣiḥāḥ al-Akhbār fī Manāqib Imām al-Abrār. Qom: Jāmiʿat al-Mudarrisīn.
Ibn Bujayr, Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd Allāh (1429 AH). Fawāʾid. Dār al-Bashāʾir al-Islāmiyya.
Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī (2002). Lisān al-Mīzān. Ed. ʿAbd al-Fattāḥ Abū Ghudda. Dār al-Bashāʾir al-Islāmiyya.
Ibn Ḥanbal, Aḥmad (1421 AH). Al-Musnad. Al-Risāla.
Ibn Ḥazm al-Andalusī, ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad (n.d.). Al-Muḥallā bi-l-Āthār. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr.
Ibn Ḥibbān, Muḥammad (1396 AH). Al-Majrūḥīn min al-Muḥaddithīn wa-l-Ḍuʿafāʾ wa-l-Matrūkīn. Beirut: Dār al-Waʿy.
Ibn Khuzayma, Muḥammad (n.d.). Al-Ṣaḥīḥ. Ed. Muḥammad Muṣṭafā al-Aʿẓamī. Beirut: Al-Maktab al-Islāmī.
Ibn Māja, Muḥammad ibn Yazīd (n.d.). Al-Sunan. Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Kutub al-ʿArabiyya.
Ibn Rajab, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān (1417 AH). Jāmiʿ al-ʿUlūm wa-l-Ḥikam. Beirut: Al-Risāla.
Ibn Shāhīn, ʿUmar (1415 AH). Al-Juzʾ al-Khāmis min al-Afrād. Kuwait: Ibn al-Athīr.
Ibn Shāhīn, ʿUmar (1408 AH). Nāsikh al-Ḥadīth wa-Mansūkhuhu. Al-Zarqāʾ: Al-Manār.
Ibn Shuʿba al-Ḥarrānī, Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī (1404 AH). Tuḥaf al-ʿUqūl. Qom: Jāmiʿat al-Mudarrisīn.
ʿIrāqī, Abū al-Faḍl (1423 AH). Sharḥ al-Tabṣira wa-l-Tadhkira. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya.
Khalīlī, Abū Yaʿlā (1409 AH). Al-Irshād fī Maʿrifat ʿUlamāʾ al-Ḥadīth. Riyadh: Al-Rushd.
Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī (1422 AH). Tārīkh Baghdād. Beirut: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī.
Kulaynī, Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb (1407 AH). Al-Kāfī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya.
Madadī, Sayyid Aḥmad (1394 Sh). Dars-i Khārij-i Fiqh, 6/11/1394. www.ostadmadadi.ir/persian/lesson/9468
Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir (1403 AH). Biḥār al-Anwār al-Jāmiʿa li-Durar Akhbār al-Aʾimma al-Aṭhār. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī.
Māmaqānī, ʿAbd Allāh (1431 AH). Tanqīḥ al-Maqāl fī ʿIlm al-Rijāl. Qom: Āl al-Bayt.
Maqdisī, Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wāḥid (1994). Al-Nahy ʿan Sabb al-Aṣḥāb wa-mā fīhi min al-Ithm wa-l-ʿIqāb. Cairo: Al-Dār al-Dhahabiyya.
Martin, Richard C.(2002), Inimitability, Encyclopaedia of the Qurān, vol. 2, p. 526-535, Leiden–Boston: Brill
Mizzī, Yūsuf ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān (1400 AH). Tahdhīb al-Kamāl fī Asmāʾ al-Rijāl. Ed. Bashshār ʿAwwād Maʿrūf. Beirut: Al-Risāla.
Mufīd, Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad (1413 AH). Al-Irshād fī Maʿrifat Ḥujaj Allāh ʿalā al-ʿIbād. Qom: Kungrah.
Mughalṭāy ibn Qalīj (1422 AH). Ikmāl Tahdhīb al-Kamāl fī Asmāʾ al-Rijāl. Nashr al-Fārūq.
Mujāʿa ibn al-Zubayr (1423 AH). Min Ḥadīth Abī ʿUbayda Mujāʿa ibn al-Zubayr al-ʿAtakī al-Baṣrī. Ed. ʿĀmir Ḥasan Ṣabrī. Dār al-Bashāʾir al-Islāmiyya.
Najāshī, Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī (1365). Al-Rijāl. Qom: Jāmiʿat al-Mudarrisīn.
Naṣr ibn Muzāḥim (1404 AH). Waqʿat Ṣiffīn. Qom: Kitābkhānah-yi Marʿashī.
Nuʿmānī, Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm (1397 AH). Al-Ghayba. Tehran: Nashr-i Ṣadūq
Qannāziʿī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Marwān (1429 AH). Tafsīr al-Muwaṭṭaʾ. Qatar: Dār al-Nawādir.
Qurṭubī, Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad (1384 AH). Al-Jāmiʿ li-Aḥkām al-Qurʾān. Cairo: Dār al-Kutub al-Miṣriyya.
Rāwandī, Saʿīd ibn Hibat Allāh (1409 AH). Qiṣaṣ al-Anbiyāʾ. Mashhad: Markaz-i Pazhūhishhā-yi Islāmī.
Shajarī, Yaḥyā ibn al-Ḥusayn; ʿAbshamī, Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad (1422 AH). Tartīb al-Amālī al-Khamīsiyya. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya.
Shūshtarī, Muḥammad Taqī (1410 AH). Qāmūs al-Rijāl. Qom: Jāmiʿat al-Mudarrisīn.
Ṣiddīqī, Muḥammad Ashraf (1415 AH). ʿAwn al-Maʿbūd Sharḥ Sunan Abī Dāwūd, wa-Maʿahu Ḥāshiyat Ibn al-Qayyim: Tahdhīb Sunan Abī Dāwūd wa-Īḍāḥ ʿIlalihi wa-Mushkilātihi. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya.
Ṭabarī, Muḥammad ibn Jarīr (1387 AH). Tārīkh al-Rusul wa-l-Mulūk. Egypt: Dār al-Maʿārif.
Ṭabarī Āmulī, Muḥammad ibn Jarīr ibn Rustam (1415 AH). Al-Mustarshid fī Imāmat ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib. Qom: Kūshānpūr.
Ṭaḥāwī, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad (1414 AH). Sharḥ Maʿānī al-Āthār. ʿĀlam al-Kutub.
Thaqafī, Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad (1395 AH). Al-Ghārāt. Tehran: Anjuman-i Āthār-i Millī.
Ṭūsī, Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan (1373Sh). Al-Rijāl. Qom: Jāmiʿat al-Mudarrisīn.
Ṭūsī, Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan (n.d.). Al-Tibyān fī Tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī.
Ṭūsī, Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan (1407 AH). Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya.
ʿUqaylī, Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr (1404 AH). Al-Ḍuʿafāʾ al-Kabīr. Beirut: Dār al-Maktaba al-ʿIlmiyya.
Zaylaʿī, ʿAbd Allāh ibn Yūsuf (1418 AH). Naṣb al-Rāya li-Aḥādīth al-Hidāya. Beirut: Al-Rayyān.