Evaluating Rijali's Opinions about Muhammad Ibn Senan through the Analysis of the Text of her Single Narrations in Al-Kafi Book

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 PhD student in the field of Quranic and Hadith Sciences, Faculty of Law, Theology and Political Sciences, Science and Research Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Quranic and Hadith Sciences, School of Law, Theology and Political Sciences, Science and Research Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Quranic and Hadith Sciences, School of Law, Theology and Political Sciences, Science and Research Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

10.30497/qhs.2024.246228.3952

Abstract

Muhammad ibn Sinan Zahiri (Moḥammad ibn Sanān Zāhari) (d. 220 AH) is one of the prominent narrators in the fields of jurisprudence and hadith within the Imamiyyah (Emāmiyyah) tradition. Numerous hadiths have been attributed to him in the Shia's Four Books, yet notable authorities on the science of hadith authentication and criticism hold diverse opinions regarding his reliability. Some allege him of extremism and weakness in hadith, while others endeavor to exonerate him. Scholars who criticize him, particularly discredit his singular hadiths due to issues related to credibility. This study aims to evaluate the scholarly opinions about him by examining 10 singular hadith of Muhammad ibn Sinan in Al Kafi (Al Kāfi), substantiating with evidence and real proofs to gain a more precise understanding of his status. The texts of these hadith have been scrutinized by comparing them with Quranic principles, contrasting with other similar or conflicting authentic hadiths, and assessing their alignment with reason and other criteria. The main finding of this research reveals that, based on the scrutiny and analysis of the texts of Ibn Sinan's hadith - although only a limited number have been discussed in this article - these hadiths are weakened due to various reasons. Consequently, the opinions of Rijali scholars such as Ibn Najashi (Ibn Najāši) and Ibn Ghada'iri (Ibn Qaḍayeri) regarding the weakness of Ibn Sinan's character and the infirmity of his singular hadith appear closer to the truth.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

The Holy Qur'an.
Ameli, Hasan ibn Zain al-Din (1411). Al-Tahrir al-Tawusi, Qom: Maktabat Ayatollah al-Uzma al-Marashi al-Najafi, 1st edition.
Ansari, Morteza (1419). Fara'id Al-Usul, Qom: Majma Al-Fikr Al-Islami, 1st edition.
Araab, Morteza; Naqizadeh, Hasan (1390). "Bazkavī-i iʿtibar-i rijālī-yi Muhammad ibn Sinān", Du faslnamah-i Kitab Qim, no. 2.
Bahardost, Alireza (1390). Madkhal "Hujurat Surah", Daneshnameh Jahan-e Islam, Tehran: Markaz Daerat Al-Ma'arif Bozorg-e Islami.
Barqi, Ahmad ibn Mohammad Khalid (1342). Al-Rijal, Tehran: Entesharat Daneshgah Tehran, 1st edition.
Beboudi, Mohammad Baqer (1378). Illal Al-Hadith, Tehran: Entesharat Sana.
Beboudi, Mohammad Baqer (1384). Gozideh Kafi, Tehran: Entesharat Ilmi va Farhangi.
Beboudi, Mohammad Baqer (1427). Marefah Al-Hadith wa Tarikh Nashrih wa Tadwinih wa Thaqafatihi Anda Al-Shi'ah Al-Imamiyah, Dar Al-Hadi.
Behar Al-Ulum Tabatabai, Mohammad Mahdi (1363). Al-Fawa'id Al-Rijaliyya, Tehran: Maktabat Al-Sadiq, 1st edition.
Ha'iri, Mohammad ibn Ismail (1416 AD). Muntahi al-Maqal fi Ahwal al-Rijal, Tahqiq by Al-Al Bayt (AS) Institute for Islamic Thought, 1st edition.
Hakim, Mohsen (1416 AD). Mustamsak al-'Urwah al-Wuthqa, Qom: Dar al-Tafsir.
Har'ameli, Mohammad ibn Hasan (1409 AD). Tafseel Wasa'il al-Shi'ah ila Tahsil Masa'il al-Shari'ah, Qom: Al-Al Bayt (AS) Institute, 1st edition.
Helli, Najm al-Din Abu al-Qasim Jafar ibn Hasan (1407 AD). al-Mu'tabar fi Sharh al-Mukhtasar, Qom: Sayyid al-Shohada (AS), 1st edition.
Hojjati, Mohammad Baqer (1395 SH). Research in the History of the Quran, Tehran: Nashr Farhang-e Eslami.
Ibn Davood Helli, Hasan ibn Ali (1392). Rijal Ibn Davood, Najaf: Almatbae Alhaidariyyah.
Ibn Ghazairi, Ahmad ibn Hussein (1380). Al-Rijal, Qom: Dar Al-Hadith, 1st edition.
Ibn Najashi, Abolabbas Ahmad ibn Ali (1365). Al-Rijal, Qom: Al-Nashr Al-Islami, 6th edition.
Ibn Qoloya, Jafar ibn Mohammad (1356). Kamil Al-Ziyarat, Najaf Ashraf: Dar Al-Murtadawiyyah, 1st edition.
Izadi Ferd, Ali Akbar; Hosseini Nezhad, Mojtaba (1396). "Vesaqat Mohammad ibn Sinan dar Tarazoo-ye Naqd va Barresi", Alum Hadith, Year 22, No. 2.
Jabai Ameli, Zain al-Din ibn Ali (1410 AD). al-Rawdah al-Bahiyyah fi Sharh al-Lum'ah al-Dimashqiyyah, Qom: Entesharat Davari, 1st edition.
Kalbasi, Muhammad ibn Muhammad Ibrahim (1380). al-Rasa'il al-Rijaliyyah, Qom: Dar al-Hadith, 1st edition.
Kashi, Muhammad ibn Umar (1409). Ikhtiyar Ma'rifat al-Rijal, Mashhad: Nashr Daneshgah-e Mashhad, 1st edition.
Khansari, Jamal al-Din Mohammad (1366 SH). Sharh Ghurar al-Hikam wa Durar al-Kalam, Tehran: Entesharat-e Daneshgah-e Tehran, 4th edition.
Khoei, Abu al-Qasim (1409 AD). Mu'jam Rijal al-Hadith, Qom: Al-Khoei Al-Islamiyah, 4th edition.
Khomeini, Ruhollah (1390 SH). Tahrir al-Wasilah, Najaf: Dar al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyah, 2nd edition.
Kulayni, Muhammad ibn Ya'qub (1407). al-Kafi, Tehran: Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyah.
Mahdavi Rad, Muhammad Ali; Jabbari, Amir Ataullah (1391). "Muhammad ibn Sinan az Varayi Didegah-ha", Hadith-Pazhuhi, no. 8.
Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir (1378). al-Wajizah fi 'Ilm al-Rijal, Tehran: Hemayat-e Bozorgdasht-e 'Allameh Majlisi, 1st edition.
Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir (1403). Bihar al-Anwar al-Jami'ah li-Durar al-Akhbar al-'A'immah al-At'har, Beirut: Dar Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi, 2nd edition.
Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir (1404). Mir'at al-'Uqul fi Sharh Akhbar Aal al-Rasul, Tehran: Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyah, 2nd edition.
Majlisi, Muhammad Taqi (1406). Rawdat al-Muttaqin fi Sharh Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih, Qom: Mo'assese Fehresti Islami Koushanpour, 2nd edition.
Mansur, Abdul Hamid Yusuf (unknown). Nil al-Khayrat fi al-Qira'at al-Ashr, Egypt: Dar Ibn Khaldun lil-Turath.
Mufid, Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Nu'man (1413). al-Radd 'ala Ashab al-'Adad, Qom: Kongra-ye Jahan-i Hezarheh-i Shaykh Mufid, 1st edition.
Qarshi Banayi, Ali Akbar (1412). Qamus Qur'an, Tehran: Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyah, 6th edition
Raghib Isfahani, Hossein ibn Mohammad (1412 AD). Mufradat al-Fazh Quran, Beirut: Dar al-Qalam and Damascus: Dar al-Shamiyah, 1st edition.
Shushtari, Mohammad Taqi (1387 SH). Mowazeh, Tehran: Nashr-e Jafari Rad.
Shushtari, Mohammad Taqi (1419 AD). Qamus al-Rijal, Qom: Jameh Modarresin-e Howzeh Elmiyeh.
Sotudeh, Hamed (1390 SH). "Mohammad ibn Sanan; Kavushi dar Vathaqat va Tazaeef", Faslnameh Fiqh Ahl al-Bayt (AS), Nos. 66 and 67.
Tabarsi, Fazl bin Hasan, (1375). Majmam al-Bayan, Tehran: Naser khosro, 3rd edition.
Tarehi, Fakhr al-Din ibn Muhammad (1375). Majma al-Bahrain, Tehran: Mortazavi, 3rd edition.
Tusi, Muhammad ibn Hasan (1407). Tahdhib al-Ahkam, Tehran: Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyah, 4th edition.
Tusi, Muhammad ibn Hasan (1420). Fihrist Kutub al-Shi'a wa Usulihim wa Asma' al-Musannifin wa As'hab al-Usul, Qom: Maktabat al-Muhaddiq al-Tabataba'i, 1st edition.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics